100 verified updates with instant GK Bytes — for Punjab Police, RSSB LDC, SSC & state exams.
The Winter Session ran 1-19 December 2025 (15 sittings) and was adjourned sine die on 19 December, with 8 Bills passed by both Houses; Lok Sabha productivity was ~110% and Rajya Sabha ~121%.
The Bill, which consolidates India's securities laws into a single code, was introduced and referred to the Departmental Standing Committee for examination.
Both Houses held a special discussion on the 150th anniversary of the National Song 'Vande Mataram' (8 December in Lok Sabha; 9-11 December in Rajya Sabha).
It revises the Fourth Schedule of the Central Excise Act 1944, raising duty rates on tobacco products (e.g., unmanufactured tobacco to 70% and other manufactured tobacco up to 125%).
This Finance Ministry law levies a new cess on machines/processes producing specified goods (notably tobacco and nicotine products) to fund national security and public health.
The Bill seeks to create an apex higher-education regulator and repeal the UGC Act 1956, AICTE Act 1987 and NCTE Act 1993; it was referred to a Joint Committee of Parliament.
The Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India (SHAKTI) Act repeals the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010, opening nuclear power to a new licensing framework with a Nuclear Liability Fund.
The Viksit Bharat-Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Act replaces MGNREGA, 2005 and guarantees 125 days of wage employment per rural household per year, with biometric authentication, geo-tagging and social audits.
It amends the Insurance Act 1938, LIC Act 1956 and IRDA Act 1999, with the headline change allowing 100% FDI in Indian insurance companies, plus mandatory KYC and stronger IRDAI powers.
Notified to clean up the statute book by repealing obsolete laws and making minor amendments, without affecting existing rights or ongoing proceedings.
Nagaland, India's 16th state (formed 1 December 1963), marked its 63rd Statehood Day; CM Neiphiu Rio pressed for resolution of the Naga political issue and launched a District Sports Fund.
Himachal Pradesh began regulated industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa, THC below 0.3%) cultivation under its 'Green to Gold' initiative, targeting hempcrete, biodegradable packaging and biofuels.
Karnataka launched what it billed as India's first AI-powered Skills Intelligence Unit, using AI to map and bridge the workforce skills gap.
India's real GDP grew 8.2% in Q2 (Jul-Sep) FY26, a six-quarter high, with manufacturing up 9.1% and the tertiary sector up 9.2%; H1 FY26 growth was 8.0%.
CPI inflation for November 2025 was 0.71% (provisional), up from October's record low of ~0.25%, with food inflation still negative at -3.91%.
Wholesale Price Index inflation remained negative (around -1.2% for the October print), reflecting lower prices of food, crude petroleum, natural gas and mineral oils.
The Index of Industrial Production grew just 0.4% year-on-year in October 2025, down from 4.0% in September, with mining and electricity contracting amid extended rains and festival holidays.
Total exports (merchandise + services) during April-November 2025 were about US$562.13 billion, up 5.43% year-on-year.
The RBI announced relief for exporters facing global headwinds, including easing debt-repayment burdens, extending credit periods and lengthening the timeframe for realising and repatriating export proceeds.
UAE-based Emirates NBD's acquisition of a controlling 60% stake in RBL Bank for around Rs 26,850 crore was a defining 2025 deal - the largest cross-border investment in an Indian private bank.
Bajaj Finserv acquired Allianz SE's 26% stake in their insurance joint ventures for Rs 24,180 crore, raising Bajaj's ownership to 100% and ending a 24-year partnership.
JSW Paints acquired a majority 60.76% stake in Akzo Nobel India for a maximum consideration of Rs 8,986 crore - a major consolidation in the paints sector.
Year-end reviews reported India's technology-sector M&A reaching a three-year high at an estimated US$26-29 billion, up nearly 30% from about US$20 billion in 2024.
The RBI Monetary Policy Committee, under Governor Sanjay Malhotra, unanimously cut the repo rate by 25 bps to 5.25%, ending a two-meeting pause while retaining a neutral stance.
Alongside the rate cut, the RBI revised its FY26 real GDP growth projection upward to 7.3% (from 6.8%), citing strong momentum and record-low inflation.
India's merchandise trade deficit fell to US$24.53 billion in November 2025; total exports rose 15.52% to US$73.99 billion, led by engineering and electronic goods.
Effective 15 December, the RBI approved amalgamating four co-operative banks into two - Amod Nagric into Bhuj Mercantile Co-op Bank, and Amarnath into Kalupur Commercial Co-op Bank.
The government consolidated the year's reforms: 29 labour laws unified into four Labour Codes (~50 crore workers), Next-Gen GST 2.0 (two slabs of 5% and 18%), and the Rs 25,060-crore Export Promotion Mission.
The FSR pegged FY26 growth at 7.8% (Q1) and 8.2% (Q2) and reported the gross NPA ratio of scheduled commercial banks at a multi-year low of 2.1%, while flagging risks from unsecured retail lending and stablecoins.
The government spotlighted the Export Promotion Mission (FY26-FY31) with an outlay of Rs 25,060 crore, aimed at boosting exports amid global trade disruptions.
The Next-Gen GST 2.0 two-slab structure (5% and 18%) was credited with expanding the taxpayer base to over 1.5 crore and simplifying compliance for businesses.
The Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways notified guidelines for the Shipbuilding Financial Assistance Scheme and Shipbuilding Development Scheme, targeting a top-five global shipbuilding position by 2047.
Putin pledged uninterrupted shipments of oil, gas and coal to India, and both sides advanced the India-EAEU (Eurasian Economic Union) FTA, aiming for zero tariffs on around 90% of goods by 2028.
As a summit outcome, India and Russia agreed to open new Indian Consulates in Yekaterinburg and Kazan to deepen economic and people-to-people ties.
India and Jordan signed MoUs on renewable energy, water resources and digital transformation, with PM Modi calling for doubling bilateral trade to US$5 billion in five years; Jordan expressed intent to join the ISA and CDRI.
India and the EU held technical discussions on key FTA chapters - market access, rules of origin, services, technical barriers and sustainability - ahead of the deal's conclusion in January 2026.
The US sharply escalated pressure on Venezuela's Nicolas Maduro, declaring airspace around Venezuela closed; Venezuela wrote to the UN Security Council on 17 December citing 'US aggression'.
President Vladimir Putin made a State visit to India for the 23rd Annual Summit with PM Modi - his first in four years - marking 25 years of the Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership.
The summit produced 16 intergovernmental agreements and around 15 MoUs, adopted an economic 'Programme 2030' and set a revised bilateral trade target of US$100 billion by 2030.
India hosted, for the first time, the 20th session of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in New Delhi.
PM Modi undertook a state visit to Jordan, Ethiopia and Oman, integrating India's West Asia and Africa outreach, including India's first full-fledged PM visit to Jordan (75 years of ties).
During PM Modi's first bilateral visit to Ethiopia, ties were elevated to a Strategic Partnership, eight MoUs were signed, and Modi was conferred Ethiopia's highest civilian honour.
India and Oman signed a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement in Muscat (70 years of ties), making Oman the second Gulf nation after the UAE to conclude an FTA with India.
India and New Zealand announced the successful conclusion of FTA negotiations; New Zealand agreed to eliminate duties on 100% of tariff lines, granting zero-duty access to all Indian exports on entry into force.
The Central African Republic held tense general elections amid warnings over contested results, drawing international attention to regional stability.
During Putin's visit, platforms including the Su-57 fighter, drones, air-defence systems and submarine technology were discussed, with both sides agreeing to reorient defence ties toward joint R&D and co-production.
Navy Day was marked with an Operational Demonstration at Shangumugham Beach, Thiruvananthapuram, with President Droupadi Murmu as Chief Guest; theme 'Combat Ready, Cohesive, Credible and Aatmanirbhar Force'.
The Indian Coast Guard inducted ICGS Samudra Pratap, its first indigenously designed and built Pollution Control Vessel (built at Goa Shipyard); at 114.5 m and 4,170 tonnes it is the largest ship in the ICG fleet.
DRDO successfully flight-tested the Pinaka Long Range Guided Rocket (~120 km strike range) at the Integrated Test Range, Chandipur, Odisha, hitting the target with precision.
DRDO fired two Pralay quasi-ballistic missiles in quick succession from the same launcher off the Odisha coast, validating rapid multi-missile deployment; Pralay is a 150-500 km surface-to-surface missile.
ISRO began work on a Third Launch Pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre to support heavy-lift missions, including the Next Generation Launch Vehicle and the Gaganyaan programme.
Using James Webb Space Telescope data, Indian astronomers discovered 'Alaknanda', a fully formed spiral galaxy that existed only about 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang, challenging galaxy-formation models.
ISRO and DRDO qualified the crew module's drogue parachutes at the Rail Track Rocket Sled facility, Chandigarh, deploying them at over 600 kmph - a step toward the first uncrewed Gaganyaan-G1 flight.
The interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS (C/2025 N1) passed closest to Earth at about 270 million km, posing no threat; NASA's JWST and ESA's XMM-Newton studied its coma.
ISRO launched AST SpaceMobile's US-built BlueBird Block-2 communication satellite (~6,100 kg) from Sriharikota - the heaviest payload ever placed in LEO by an LVM3 and the heaviest foreign satellite launched from Indian soil.
By December, the IndiaAI Mission had onboarded over 38,000 high-end GPUs (about Rs 65/hour), and 12 startups (including Sarvam AI, Soket AI, BharatGen and Fractal) were selected to build indigenous foundation models.
The report estimated 282 million malaria cases and 610,000 deaths globally in 2024 and flagged growing artemisinin resistance; India cut cases and deaths by over 80% (2015-2023) and exited WHO's High Burden to High Impact group in 2024.
MeitY announced DHRUV64, India's first fully indigenous 64-bit, 1.0 GHz dual-core microprocessor, developed by C-DAC on the RISC-V open-source architecture and fabricated on a 28 nm node.
The WHO reiterated the case for coordinated financing and equitable access for the first new tuberculosis vaccines in over a century, now in advanced clinical trials.
IIT Delhi researchers (with Denmark and Germany) unveiled AILA, an autonomous AI system that designs, runs and interprets experiments and directly controls instruments such as an atomic force microscope.
The Department of Telecommunications released NFAP-2025 (effective 30 December), governing spectrum from 8.3 kHz to 3000 GHz, identifying the 6425-7125 MHz band for 5G/6G and allocating Ka/Q/V bands for satellite services.
India designated Siliserh Lake (Alwar, Rajasthan) and Kopra Jalashay (near Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh) as its 95th and 96th Ramsar sites; Kopra is Chhattisgarh's first-ever Ramsar site.
The Commission for Air Quality Management amended the Graded Response Action Plan, making school closures mandatory under Stages 3 and 4 and introducing phased office timings to combat severe Delhi-NCR pollution.
Chhattisgarh, with the Wildlife Institute of India, began biodiversity surveys at Kanger Valley National Park (Bastar) to pursue UNESCO World Heritage recognition; it is known for limestone caves and the Bastar Hill Myna.
Magnus Carlsen won his sixth World Rapid title at Doha; India's Arjun Erigaisi won bronze in the Open section and Koneru Humpy won bronze in the Women's section.
Aleksandra Goryachkina of Russia won her maiden Women's World Rapid Championship, defeating China's Zhu Jiner in blitz tiebreaks at Doha.
Magnus Carlsen beat Uzbekistan's Nodirbek Abdusattorov 2.5-1.5 in the final to win his ninth World Blitz crown at Doha.
Bibisara Assaubayeva of Kazakhstan won her third Women's World Blitz title, defeating Anna Muzychuk in the final at Doha.
India's Senior National Badminton Championships concluded in late December 2025, crowning the year's national singles and doubles champions.
India won the ODI decider at Visakhapatnam by 9 wickets to take the series 2-1; Virat Kohli was Player of the Series with 302 runs.
India beat Argentina 4-2 to claim their first-ever bronze at the Junior World Cup (held in Tamil Nadu), while Germany won a record 8th title.
Hosts India beat top seeds Hong Kong China 3-0 in the SDAT Squash World Cup final in Chennai, winning their first-ever title and becoming the first Asian nation to do so; the squad included Anahat Singh and Joshna Chinappa.
India sealed their eighth consecutive T20I series triumph, opening with a 101-run win at Cuttack and clinching the 5th T20I at Ahmedabad by 30 runs.
The 2025 Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature and Economic Sciences were presented at the Stockholm Concert Hall; 10 December marks the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death.
John Clarke, Michel Devoret and John Martinis were honoured for the discovery of macroscopic quantum-mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit.
The Hungarian writer received the 2025 Literature Prize for his surreal, visionary novels combining a bleak worldview with dark humour.
The Venezuelan opposition leader was awarded the 2025 Nobel Peace Prize for promoting democratic rights and a peaceful transition; her daughter accepted the award at Oslo on her behalf.
On National Energy Conservation Day, the President felicitated the winners of the National Energy Conservation Awards (NECA) 2025, recognising efficiency across industries and institutions.
President Murmu presented India's highest science honours to 24 awardees; the Vigyan Ratna (lifetime achievement) went posthumously to astrophysicist Jayant Vishnu Narlikar and the Vigyan Team award to CSIR's Aroma Mission.
Ramakrishnan Chander took over as Managing Director of the Life Insurance Corporation of India, having earlier served as LIC's Executive Director and Chief Investment Officer.
The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet approved Rohit Jain, an RBI Executive Director, as the new RBI Deputy Governor for a three-year term beginning in 2026, after nearly 30 years at the central bank.
Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar assumed the chairship of the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) at Stockholm - the first time India chaired the 35-member body.
Retired IAS officer Raj Kumar Goyal was sworn in as Chief Information Commissioner by President Murmu, along with new Information Commissioners, restoring the Central Information Commission to full strength.
Formerly CMD of Northern Coalfields, B. Sairam became Chairman-cum-Managing Director of Coal India Limited, succeeding P.M. Prasad.
Observed with the theme 'Overcoming disruption, transforming the AIDS response', calling for sustained leadership and rights-centred approaches to end AIDS by 2030.
Observed with the theme 'Fostering disability inclusive societies for advancing social progress', promoting accessibility and inclusion.
Observed to highlight the importance of soil health for food security and to promote sustainable land management.
Observed annually since 1949 to honour soldiers and veterans; small tricolour flags are distributed in return for donations to the Armed Forces Flag Day Fund.
Observed with the 2025 theme 'Uniting with Youth Against Corruption: Shaping Tomorrow's Integrity'.
Commemorates the 1948 adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; the 2025 theme was 'Our Everyday Essentials'.
Observed by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (Ministry of Power) to promote energy efficiency and conservation across sectors.
Marked the 54th anniversary of India's 1971 war victory over Pakistan and the liberation of Bangladesh, when about 93,000 Pakistani troops surrendered.
Marks the birth anniversary of former PM Chaudhary Charan Singh, declared National Farmers' Day by the Government of India in 2001.
Observed with the theme 'Efficient and Speedy Disposal through Digital Justice', reflecting a focus on technology-enabled consumer grievance redressal.
Commemorates the birth anniversary (centenary in 2025) of former PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee; PM Modi inaugurated the 'Rashtra Prerna Sthal' in Lucknow featuring statues of Vajpayee and other Jana Sangh founders.
The veteran film producer and owner of AVM Studios (India's oldest surviving film studio) died in Chennai at the age of 86.
The veteran Bengali and Hindi film actor died in Kolkata at the age of 83.
The renowned Malayalam actor, screenwriter and director, celebrated for his satirical writing, died at Thrippunithura, Kerala.
Released by CEO B.V.R. Subrahmanyam, the report noted the corporate bond market grew from Rs 17.5 trillion (FY15) to Rs 53.6 trillion (FY25) and could cross Rs 100-120 trillion by 2030.
The report offered 22 policy recommendations and 76 action pathways, projecting India could host up to 11 lakh international students by 2047.
It covers 100 verified current affairs from December 2025 across 15 sections including polity, economy, international relations, government initiatives, science, defence, sports and awards. Each item includes a short explanation and a GK Byte linking it to static general knowledge.
Yes. The full December 2025 capsule PDF is free to download on MockSutra, with no login required.
It is built for Punjab Police Constable, RSSB LDC / Junior Assistant, SSC and state PSC exams, and is useful for any Indian government exam with a current affairs section.
Read each story's heading and explanation once, note the GK Byte, then use the PDF for a fast final skim before your exam.